Introduction
The traditional duduk, as widely known, has ten holes and offers a range of one and a half octaves, allowing players to perform from low F# (Fa#) to high A (La), or even from low E (Mi) to high B (Si) for advanced players (see the article on the range and capabilities of the duduk). However, the limited range of the instrument can be a barrier to its integration into certain compositions requiring, for example, two full octaves.
To overcome this limitation, the duduk has been modified over time to extend its range beyond traditional capabilities.
Key Integration by Georgi Minasov
In the 1990s, Georgi Minasov, a renowned master of the Armenian duduk, developed a key system inspired by clarinets and other common wind instruments. This innovation aimed to enhance the duduk's musical possibilities, particularly to meet the needs of his orchestra, enabling the performance of a broader and more diverse repertoire.
Minasov created several variants of the traditional duduk and the bass duduk by adding a key system, making notes that were previously inaccessible on a classic duduk playable.
Types of Key Systems
The key systems used to extend the duduk’s range are primarily inspired by the mechanism of German clarinets known as the "Albert" system. This choice aligns closely with the duduk's mode of operation, in contrast to the French "Boehm" clarinet systems.
Depending on the model and price, key systems may be crafted from newly molded components specifically designed for the duduk. However, it is not uncommon for recycled parts to be used in the creation of these instruments.
Rarity and Complexity of Design
Key-equipped duduks remain rare due to limited demand and the complexity of their fabrication. These instruments are typically custom-made for professional use. Even in Armenia, their country of origin, they are mainly employed by experienced musicians seeking to expand their repertoire.
The creation of these exceptional instruments involves three skilled artisans:
- The metalsmith, who molds or recycles the key mechanism—often derived from German clarinet models—and polishes it for a flawless finish.
- The assembler, who integrates the mechanism into the body of the duduk.
- The wind instrument maker, who carefully crafts the body of the duduk.
Challenges in Playability
Beyond their technical specifics, key-equipped duduks require particular expertise. These instruments demand a greater air supply and exceptional breath control to produce a warm, consistent sound.
While the key installation is executed by skilled artisans, it alters the traditional construction of the duduk, making it more challenging to play. Designed to meet the needs of professional musicians, these instruments offer unique possibilities but require a high level of skill and adaptation to their new configuration.